Bathypterois grallator
Short answer: Bathypterois grallator, the tripod fish or tripod spiderfish, is a deep-sea fish in the family Ipnopidae. George Brown Goode and Tarleton Bean described it in 1886.
It lives on continental slopes and abyssal plains in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, roughly between 40°N and 40°S, at depths of 878 to 4,720 m and water temperatures of 2.7 to 13.5 °C. It's the largest member of its genus, commonly over 30 cm long and up to about 43 cm. The lower lobe of its tail fin and both pelvic fins end in greatly elongated rays, up to about a meter long, or roughly three times its body length. When it settles, it lands on its pelvic fins first and then lowers its tail ray, standing on the three like a tripod. The rays are flexible when it swims but stiff when it stands, and researchers have suggested that the fish pumps fluid into them to stiffen them. Standing facing into the current, it waits for food to drift past and uses the tips of its pectoral fins to feel for prey, since its eyesight is very poor. Small tripod fish eat mostly copepods, amphipods and other small crustaceans. Larger ones, above about 24 cm, eat mostly small fish and decapods by weight. Each fish is a simultaneous hermaphrodite and may be able to fertilize its own eggs, which helps where mates are scarce. The IUCN lists it as Least Concern. The footage, credited to the Schmidt Ocean Institute, shows a pale tripod fish drifting and standing on long fin rays over a dark, sandy seafloor.
What should you know about Bathypterois grallator?
Quick facts. Each one stands alone and has a stable ID you can cite.
The tripod fish's fin rays can reach about a meter, roughly three times its body length.
Bathypterois grallator lives at depths of about 878 to 4,720 m.
Video transcript: Bathypterois grallator: A Fish on Stilts
DID YOU KNOW? The tripod fish is a deep sea species named for its remarkable ability to "stand" on the seafloor, using elongated fin rays from its pelvic and caudal fins, which can extend up to a meter long. Found at depths between 1,000 and 4,700 meters, this fish uses its stationary posture to conserve energy in the low light, low food environment of the abyss, waiting motionless for prey like small crustaceans to drift within reach. NOW YOU KNOW!
Burned-in captions, read frame by frame (see transcript.md) · 23.5s Reel ·
The write-up
A fish on stilts. The tripod fish stands on the seafloor on fin rays up to a meter long.
- Exhibit A
Three long fin rays
Rays on its pelvic fins and tail lobe reach about a meter, roughly three times its body length.
- Exhibit B
Stiff when standing
The rays are flexible in swimming but stiff when it stands. It may pump fluid into them.
- Exhibit C
878 to 4,720 m
It lives on slopes and abyssal plains of three oceans, from about 40°N to 40°S.
- Exhibit D
Facing the current
It stands into the current and feels for drifting prey with its pectoral fins.
- Exhibit E
Diet grows with size
Small ones eat crustaceans. Larger ones eat mostly small fish and decapods.
Questions people ask about Bathypterois grallator
How long can the tripod fish's fin rays get?
Roughly three times its body length.
Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Three long fin rays) · Wikipedia: Bathypterois grallator; Davis & Chakrabarty, 'Tripodfish (Aulopiformes: Bathypterois) locomotion and landing behaviour from video observation at bathypelagic depths in the Campos Basin of Brazil', Marine Biology Research (2011)
Which fins carry the 'tripod' rays?
The lower lobe of the tail plus both pelvic fins.
Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Three long fin rays) · Wikipedia: Bathypterois grallator; Davis & Chakrabarty, 'Tripodfish (Aulopiformes: Bathypterois) locomotion and landing behaviour from video observation at bathypelagic depths in the Campos Basin of Brazil', Marine Biology Research (2011)
What happens to the fin rays when the fish stands?
It may pump fluid into them.
Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Stiff when standing) · Wikipedia: Bathypterois grallator
What is the deepest recorded depth for the tripod fish?
Its range is about 878 to 4,720 m.
Source: Write-up · Exhibit C (878 to 4,720 m) · Wikipedia: Bathypterois grallator; FishBase: Bathypterois grallator (Goode & Bean, 1886)
How does the tripod fish find prey?
Its eyesight is very poor.
Source: Write-up · Exhibit D (Facing the current) · Wikipedia: Bathypterois grallator
Test Your Knowledge
All quizzes →5 questions, all from this case file. Answers are revealed instantly.
How long can the tripod fish's fin rays get?
- About a meter
- About 10 cm
- About 3 meters
- About 30 cm
Show the answer
Answer: A. About a meter Roughly three times its body length. Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Three long fin rays) · Wikipedia: Bathypterois grallator; Davis & Chakrabarty, 'Tripodfish (Aulopiformes: Bathypterois) locomotion and landing behaviour from video observation at bathypelagic depths in the Campos Basin of Brazil', Marine Biology Research (2011)
Which fins carry the 'tripod' rays?
- The pelvic fins and the tail
- The dorsal fins
- The pectoral fins only
- The gill covers
Show the answer
Answer: A. The pelvic fins and the tail The lower lobe of the tail plus both pelvic fins. Source: Write-up · Exhibit A (Three long fin rays) · Wikipedia: Bathypterois grallator; Davis & Chakrabarty, 'Tripodfish (Aulopiformes: Bathypterois) locomotion and landing behaviour from video observation at bathypelagic depths in the Campos Basin of Brazil', Marine Biology Research (2011)
What happens to the fin rays when the fish stands?
- They stiffen
- They glow
- They fall off
- They curl up
Show the answer
Answer: A. They stiffen It may pump fluid into them. Source: Write-up · Exhibit B (Stiff when standing) · Wikipedia: Bathypterois grallator
What is the deepest recorded depth for the tripod fish?
- About 4,720 m
- About 470 m
- About 11,000 m
- About 1,500 m
Show the answer
Answer: A. About 4,720 m Its range is about 878 to 4,720 m. Source: Write-up · Exhibit C (878 to 4,720 m) · Wikipedia: Bathypterois grallator; FishBase: Bathypterois grallator (Goode & Bean, 1886)
How does the tripod fish find prey?
- By feeling with its pectoral fins
- By sight
- By electric sense
- By echolocation
Show the answer
Answer: A. By feeling with its pectoral fins Its eyesight is very poor. Source: Write-up · Exhibit D (Facing the current) · Wikipedia: Bathypterois grallator
Cite this case file
Easterling, Marcus. "Bathypterois grallator." The Detail Department (DetailEnjoyer), case file DD-580, last updated May 25, 2025. https://detailenjoyer.com/case/bathypterois-grallator/
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